Benny Goodman
Benjamin David Goodman
BORN: May 30, 1909, Chicago, IL
DIED: June 13, 1986, New York, NY [Manhattan]
Benny Goodman was the first celebrated bandleader of the Swing Era, dubbed
"The King of Swing," his popular emergence marking the beginning of the era.
He was an accomplished clarinetist whose distinctive playing gave an identity
both to his big band and to the smaller units he led simultaneously. The
most popular figure of the first few years of the Swing Era, he continued
to perform until his death 50 years later.
Goodman was the son of Russian immigrants David Goodman, a tailor, and Dora
Rezinsky Goodman. He first began taking clarinet lessons at ten at a synagogue,
after which he joined the band at Hull House, a settlement home. He made
his professional debut at 12 and dropped out of high school at 14 to become
a musician. At 16, in August 1925, he joined the Ben Pollack band, with which
he made his first released band recordings in December 1926. His first recordings
under his own name were made in January 1928. At 20, in September 1929, he
left Pollack to settle in New York and work as a freelance musician, working
at recording sessions, radio dates, and in the pit bands of Broadway musicals.
He also made recordings under his own name with pickup bands, first reaching
the charts with "He's Not Worth Your Tears" (vocal by Scrappy Lambert) on
Melotone Records in January 1931. He signed to Columbia Records in the fall
of 1934 and reached the Top Ten in early 1934 with "Ain't Cha Glad?" (vocal
by Jack Teagarden), "Riffin' the Scotch" (vocal by Billie Holiday), and "Ol'
Pappy" (vocal by Mildred Bailey), and in the spring with "I Ain't Lazy, I'm
Just Dreamin'" (vocal by Jack Teagarden).
These record successes and an offer to perform at Billy Rose's Music Hall
inspired Goodman to organize a permanent performing orchestra, which gave
its first performance on June 1, 1934. His instrumental recording of "Moon
Glow" hit number one in July, and he scored two more Top Ten hits in the
fall with the instrumentals "Take My Word" and "Bugle Call Rag." After a
four-and-a-half-month stay at the Music Hall, he was signed for the Saturday
night Let's Dance program on NBC radio, playing the last hour of the three-hour
show. During the six months he spent on the show, he scored another six Top
Ten hits on Columbia, then switched to RCA Victor, for which he recorded
five more Top Ten hits by the end of the year.
After leaving Let's Dance, Goodman undertook a national tour in the summer
of 1935. It was not particularly successful until he reached the West Coast,
where his segment of Let's Dance had been heard three hours earlier than
on the East Coast. His performance at the Palomar Ballroom near Los Angeles
on August 21, 1935, was a spectacular success, remembered as the date on
which the Swing Era began. He moved on to a six-month residency at the Congress
Hotel in Chicago, beginning in November. He scored 15 Top Ten hits in 1936,
including the chart-toppers "It's Been So Long," "Goody-Goody," "The Glory
of Love," "These Foolish Things Remind Me of You," and "You Turned the Tables
on Me" (all vocals by Helen Ward). He became the host of the radio series
The Camel Caravan, which ran until the end of 1939, and in October 1936,
the orchestra made its film debut in The Big Broadcast of 1937. The same
month, Goodman began a residency at the Pennsylvania Hotel in New York.
Goodman's next number one hit, in February 1937, featured Ella Fitzgerald
on vocals and was the band's first hit with new trumpeter Harry James. It
was also the first of six Top Ten hits during the year, including the chart-topping
"This Year's Kisses" (vocal by Margaret McCrae). In December, the band appeared
in another film, Hollywood Hotel. The peak of Goodman's renown in the 1930s
came on January 16, 1938, when he performed a concert at Carnegie Hall, but
he went on to score 14 Top Ten hits during the year, among them the number
ones "Don't Be That Way" (an instrumental) and "I Let a Song Go out of My
Heart" (vocal by Martha Tilton), as well as the thrilling instrumental "Sing,
Sing, Sing (With a Swing)," which later was inducted into the Grammy Hall
of Fame.
By 1939, Goodman had lost such major instrumentalists as Gene Krupa and Harry
James, who left to found their own bands, and he faced significant competition
from newly emerged bandleaders such as Artie Shaw and Glenn Miller. But he
still managed to score eight Top Ten hits during the year, including the
chart-topper "And the Angels Sing" (vocal by Martha Tilton), another inductee
to the Grammy Hall of Fame. He returned to Columbia Records in the fall.
In November, he appeared in the Broadway musical Swingin' the Dream, leading
a sextet. The show was short-lived, but it provided him with the song "Darn
That Dream" (vocal by Mildred Bailey), which hit number one for him in March
1940. It was the first of only three Top Ten hits he scored in 1940, his
progress slowed by illness; in July he disbanded temporarily and underwent
surgery for a slipped disk, not reorganizing until October. He scored two
Top Ten hits in 1941, one of which was the chart-topper "There'll Be Some
Changes Made" (vocal by Louise Tobin), and he returned to radio with his
own show. Among his three Top Ten hits in 1942 were the number ones "Somebody
Else Is Taking My Place" (vocal by Peggy Lee) and the instrumental "Jersey
Bounce." He also appeared in the film Syncopation, released in May.
American entry into World War II and the onset of the recording ban called
by the American Federation of Musicians in August 1942 made things difficult
for all performers. Goodman managed to score a couple of Top Ten hits, including
the number one "Taking a Chance on Love" (vocal by Helen Forrest), in 1943,
drawn from material recorded before the start of the ban. And he used his
free time to work in films, appearing in three during the year: The Powers
Girl (January), Stage Door Canteen (July), and The Gang's All Here (December).
Goodman disbanded in March 1944. He appeared in the film Sweet and Low-Down
in September and played with a quintet in the Broadway revue Seven Lively
Arts, which opened December 7 and ran 182 performances. Meanwhile, the musicians
union strike was settled, freeing him to go back into the recording studio.
In April 1945, his compilation album Hot Jazz reached the Top Ten on the
newly instituted album charts. He reorganized his big band and scored three
Top Ten hits during the year, among them "Gotta Be This or That" (vocal by
Benny Goodman), which just missed hitting number one. "Symphony" (vocal by
Liza Morrow) also came close to hitting number one in early 1946, and Benny
Goodman Sextet Session did hit number one on the album charts in May 1946.
Goodman hosted a radio series with Victor Borge in 1946-1947, and he continued
to record, switching to Capitol Records. He appeared in the film A Song Is
Born in October 1948 and meanwhile experimented with bebop in his big band.
But in December 1949, he disbanded, though he continued to organize groups
on a temporary basis for tours and recording sessions.
If popular music had largely passed Goodman by as of 1950, his audience was
not tired of listening to his vintage music. He discovered a recording that
had been made of his 1938 Carnegie Hall concert and Columbia Records released
it on LP in November 1950 as Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert, Vol. 1 & 2.
It spent a year in the charts, becoming the best-selling jazz album ever
up to that time, and was later inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. A follow-up
album of airchecks, Benny Goodman 1937-1938: Jazz Concert No. 2, hit number
one in December 1952. The rise of the high fidelity 12" LP led Goodman to
re-record his hits for the Capitol album B.G. in Hi-Fi, which reached the
Top Ten in March 1955. A year later, he had another Top Ten album of re-recordings
with the soundtrack album for his film biography, The Benny Goodman Story,
in which he was portrayed by Steve Allen but dubbed in his own playing.
After a tour of the Far East in 1956-1957, Goodman increasingly performed
overseas. His 1962 tour of the U.S.S.R. resulted in the chart album Benny
Goodman in Moscow. In 1963, RCA Victor staged a studio reunion of the Benny
Goodman Quartet of the 1930s, featuring Goodman, Gene Krupa, Teddy Wilson,
and Lionel Hampton. The result was the 1964 chart album Together Again! Goodman
recorded less frequently in his later years, though he reached the charts
in 1971 with Benny Goodman Today, recorded live in Stockholm. His last album
to be released before his death from a heart attack at 77 was Let's Dance,
a television soundtrack, which earned a Grammy nomination for Best Jazz Instrumental
Performance, Big Band.
Goodman's lengthy career and his popular success especially in the 1930s
and '40s has resulted in an enormous catalog. His major recordings are on
Columbia and RCA Victor, but Music Masters has put out a series of archival
discs from his personal collection, and many small labels have issued airchecks.
The recordings continue to demonstrate Goodman's remarkable talents as an
instrumentalist and as a bandleader. ~ William Ruhlmann, All Music Guide
In his heyday, jazz clarinet player and bandleader Benny Goodman was the
undisputed "King of Swing." He was born the eighth son to an immigrant family
of 12 on the west side of Chicago. Learning to play clarinet with an instrument
loaned to him from a local synagogue, he started out playing in neighborhood
bands. A year after his high school graduation, Goodman moved to California
to work in Ben Pollack's band and from there went on to radio work and free-lance
recording. In the early 1930s, Goodman founded his own band and began working
for Billy Rose and eventually, after replacing Guy Lombardo at the Roosevelt
Grill, moved to Hollywood to play his new "swing" music at the Palomar Ballroom.
Later, he made major inroads against the racism of the music industry by
hiring African American pianist Teddy Wilson, and vibraphone player Lionel
Hampton. Others followed. In 1936, Goodman and his band made their screen
debut in The Big Broadcast of 1937 and after that performed in several other
musicals, including The Gang's All Here (1941). In 1946, Goodman played his
clarinet for the animated musical Make Mine Music, and in 1956, Goodman became
the subject of the musical biopic The Benny Goodman Story starring Steve
Allen. ~ Sandra Brennan, All Movie Guide